What does “Naturalization” mean?

Informational
Direct answer

USCIS is processing your N-400 naturalization application to become a U.S. citizen.

What comes next

The N-400 process includes a biometrics appointment, an interview with civics and English tests, and finally an oath ceremony. Study the 100 civics questions.

Typical timeline

N-400 processing typically takes 4-12 months from filing to citizenship oath, with a national median of ~6.5 months as of 2026. Processing times vary significantly by field office — some offices are faster than others.

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If you're stuck on this status

If your N-400 has been pending beyond USCIS's published processing time, you can submit an e-Request. After your N-400 has been pending for more than 120 days after the interview, you may be able to petition a federal court to adjudicate your case.

What to do now
  • 1Study the 100 civics questions from uscis.gov
  • 2Practice reading and writing English for the test
  • 3Gather all documents listed on your appointment notice
  • 4Review your N-400 application for accuracy before the interview
When to contact an attorney

You usually do not need an attorney for this status by itself. Consider legal help if your case is outside published processing times, you receive a confusing notice, or your facts are complicated.

Typical wait

Most applicants wait approximately 180 days before the next update after this status. Actual times vary by service center and case type.

Frequently asked questions

What are the basic requirements for U.S. naturalization?
Generally: (1) 5 years as a permanent resident (3 years if married to a U.S. citizen), (2) physical presence for at least half that period, (3) continuous residence (no trips abroad of 6+ months), (4) good moral character, (5) English language ability, and (6) knowledge of U.S. civics and history.
What happens at a naturalization interview?
An officer reviews your N-400 application, verifies your eligibility, tests your English reading and writing, and asks 10 of the 100 civics questions — you need to answer 6 correctly. You'll also be asked about your background and any legal issues. The interview typically takes 20-30 minutes.
How difficult is the civics test?
With preparation, most applicants pass the first time. USCIS publishes all 100 civics questions and answers at uscis.gov. You'll be asked 10 and need 6 correct. Common topics include branches of government, the Constitution, historical events, and current elected officials.
What if I fail the civics or English test at my N-400 interview?
You'll be rescheduled for a second interview 60-90 days later, where you'll only be retested on the portion you failed (civics or English, not both). If you fail the second time, your N-400 will be denied. You can refile after addressing the reason for failure.
Can I apply for naturalization if I've traveled a lot outside the U.S.?
Extended trips abroad can interrupt your 'continuous residence' requirement. Trips of 6-12 months create a presumption of interrupted continuous residence. Trips over 12 months automatically break continuous residence. An immigration attorney can help you assess whether your travel history disqualifies you or if exceptions apply.

Related status messages

Oath Ceremony →Fingerprints Were Taken →Interview Was Scheduled →
Official and related resources
Check your official USCIS case status →Check USCIS processing times →Compare timelines by USCIS form →Browse the USCIS status glossary →

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Related
Use the interactive decoder →See current USCIS processing times →Status: Oath Ceremony→Status: I-751→Status: Conditional Green Card→What Every USCIS Case Status Actually Means (2026 Guide)→USCIS Processing Times 2026: Every Form, Every Service Center→

GreenLight is an independent tool and is NOT affiliated with USCIS, DHS, or any U.S. government agency. Nothing on this page constitutes legal advice. Always verify at my.uscis.gov.